Custo-efetividade de pazopanibe e sunitinibe para tratamento de câncer renal metastático na perspectiva do sistema único de saúde
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Abstract
O câncer renal (CR) é a 13ª neoplasia mais frequente no mundo. No período de 2010 a
2014, representou 1,43% das mortes por câncer no Brasil. A terapia de escolha para tratamento de
CR metastático são os inibidores de tirosina quinase (ITK), sunitinibe e pazopanibe. Os
medicamentos não estão incorporados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Encontram-se em
avaliação pela Comissão Nacional de Avaliação de Incorporação de Tecnologias em Saúde para o
SUS (CONITEC), porém, ainda não foi divulgado o relatório de recomendação. Este artigo avalia o
custo-efetividade entre pazopanibe e sunitinibe no tratamento de pacientes com CR metastático.
Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise de custo-efetividade sob a perspectiva de um hospital federal
do SUS. Em um modelo de árvore de decisão foram aplicados os desfechos de efetividade e
segurança dos ITK. Os dados clínicos foram extraídos de prontuários, e os custos diretos
consultados em fontes oficiais do Ministério da Saúde. Resultados: O custo de 10 meses de
tratamento, englobando o valor dos ITK, procedimentos e manejo de eventos adversos, foi de R$
98.677,19 para o pazopanibe e R$ 155.227,11 para o sunitinibe. Os medicamentos apresentaram
efetividade estatisticamente equivalente. Foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa para
o desfecho de segurança, no qual o pazopanibe obteve melhor resultado. Conclusão: A robustez do
modelo foi testada por análise de sensibilidade determinística que demonstrou a economia de
recursos promovida pelo pazopanibe. O pazopanibe, neste contexto, é a tecnologia dominante
quando os custos de tratamento são associados aos de manejo de eventos adversos.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 13th most frequent neoplasm in the world. From 2010 to 2014, it represented 1.43% of cancer deaths in Brazil. The first choice therapy for treatment of metastatic RCC are the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), sunitinib and pazopanib. The drugs are not incorporated into the Unified Health System (SUS). They are being evaluated by the National Commission for the Evaluation of Health Technologies Incorporation for SUS (CONITEC), but the recommendation report has not been released yet. This article assesses the cost-effectiveness between pazopanib and sunitinib in the treatment of patients with metastatic RCC. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the perspective of a SUS hospital. In a decision tree model, the effectiveness and safety outcomes of TKI were applied. Results: The cost of 10 months of treatment, encompassing the value of ITK, procedures and management of adverse events, was R$ 98 677.19 for pazopanib and R$ 155 227.11 for sunitinib. The drugs showed statistically equivalent efficacy. A statistically significant difference was observed for the safety outcome, in which pazopanib obtained better result. Conclusion: The robustness of the model was tested by a deterministic sensitivity analysis that demonstrated the resource saving promoted by pazopanib. Pazopanib, in this context, is the dominant technology when treatment costs are associated with costs for managemet of adverse events.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 13th most frequent neoplasm in the world. From 2010 to 2014, it represented 1.43% of cancer deaths in Brazil. The first choice therapy for treatment of metastatic RCC are the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), sunitinib and pazopanib. The drugs are not incorporated into the Unified Health System (SUS). They are being evaluated by the National Commission for the Evaluation of Health Technologies Incorporation for SUS (CONITEC), but the recommendation report has not been released yet. This article assesses the cost-effectiveness between pazopanib and sunitinib in the treatment of patients with metastatic RCC. Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed from the perspective of a SUS hospital. In a decision tree model, the effectiveness and safety outcomes of TKI were applied. Results: The cost of 10 months of treatment, encompassing the value of ITK, procedures and management of adverse events, was R$ 98 677.19 for pazopanib and R$ 155 227.11 for sunitinib. The drugs showed statistically equivalent efficacy. A statistically significant difference was observed for the safety outcome, in which pazopanib obtained better result. Conclusion: The robustness of the model was tested by a deterministic sensitivity analysis that demonstrated the resource saving promoted by pazopanib. Pazopanib, in this context, is the dominant technology when treatment costs are associated with costs for managemet of adverse events.
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24 p.: il. p&b.