Occupational exposures reported by patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Little is known about occupational agents and the occurrence of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in Brazil. Objective: The aim of this study was to trace the sociodemographic and occupational profiles of patients with leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome in two hospitals in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: We carried out a study of 229 cases from the period 2000 to 2006. Interviews were conducted with patients to obtain information on family history, lifestyle risk factors, occupational history, residential history, and occupational and non-occupational exposures by using a structured questionnaire. The frequency and duration of occupational activities related to exposure among participants were estimated. Each individual’s level of exposure was classified as low, moderate, high or very high. Results: The main exposures observed were to chemical cleaning and disinfectant products, followed by gasoline and lubricating oil. Most of the exposures occurred at low frequencies. However, for benzene, solvents, thinners, and coal combustion, the highest prevalence was observed for moderate exposures. Furthermore, it was observed that the exposure patterns of substances varied for each group, suggesting that the intensity of exposure was determined by specific types of substances. Conclusion: The monitoring of exposure in occupations that deal with solvents is critical, in order to reduce the incidence of leukemia. Since occupation is a preventable risk factor, strategies for primary prevention and health promotion in the workplace should be a top priority in cancer prevention policies in Brazil.